Is the more sensitive microphone the better? 麥克風的靈敏度愈高愈好嗎?

The sensitivity of the microphone is one of the most important factors, which affects the receiving result. The higher the sensitivity is, the higher the SPL can be received.Different from the production process of other products, the microphone is selected and sorted by its sensitivity after producing. We cannot get 1000pcs of what we need in sensitivity from just inputting 1000pcs of microphones’ material on the production line. Therefore, in order to avoid discontinuing the production, we had better choose the spec. usually with the sensitivity of -40 to -44, which is popular and easily produced.About the volume, we can still improve it by modifying the circuit, such as the impedance, the voltage, and the amplification factor.We suggest that do not choose a special spec. with very high or low sensitivity at first, or the problem of lead time and lacking of material might happen.
麥克風的靈敏度是影響到收音效果的重要因素之一,靈敏度愈高,所能收到的音量也說愈大,
但因為麥克風的在生產完之後,再根據實際的靈敏度值加以挑選分類,
並不是投料1000pcs就能做出1000pcs所想要的靈敏度,而會呈現常態的分布,
故最好挑選一般常用,好生產的靈敏度,如-40到-44,在大量使用時,比較不會有斷貨的可能,
而最後的音量問題,仍可藉由線路上的修改,如電阻的大小,電壓大小,放大倍率...來解決,
千萬不要一開始就挑選特別高或特別低的麥克風規格,以免陷入交期交,或缺料的問題中.

The reason why the speaker emit noise喇叭產生異音的原因

To analyze the usage, there are a few reasons explain why the speakers emit buzz sound or noise:1. Speaker is a passive component, and the drive circuit decides the sound. Therefore, giving the correct power and waveform to the speaker is the basic request.The too large power will lead to the too big amplitude of the diaphragm. The slight problem is distortion, but the serious problem is that the diaphragm might hit the mechanism or the magnet and cause the buzz sound. The basic waveform to drive the speaker is sine wave, if we give square wave or other waves, the efficiency of the speaker will reduce and easily get heated, the buzz sound may happen as a matter of course.
2. The enclosure design of the product will also affect the quality of the sound. The well designed enclosure can improve the frequency response curve of the speaker.The area of sound apertures of the enclosure at least request over 1/8 area of the surface. We need to keep enough vibration space between the case and the diaphragm to avoid the diaphragm hitting the case when it works and emits the noise.
喇叭發生破音/異音的原因,從使用者的使用上的原因來分析,有以下常見的問題,
喇叭是屬於被動元件,會發出什麼聲音是由喇叭的驅動線路決定的,給予喇叭正確的功率,波形是最基本的要求,
過大的功率會造成膜片振幅過大,輕微的會有失真的問題,嚴重的話會振膜會打到機構或是磁鐵,就造成了破音,
驅動喇叭基本波形是弦波,若給予方波等其他波形,喇叭的效率會變低且容易發熱,同時也可能產生破音,
產品機構的音箱設計也會到喇叭的音質,適當的音箱可以改善喇叭的響應曲線,
喇叭出音孔最好有1/8以上的開孔率,且機殼與振膜之間要留膜片振動的空間,以免在發聲時撞到機殼而產生異音,

The advantages of the Microphone Array 麥克風陣列的優點.

With the constant enlargement of the internet bandwidth, the internet video conference has become possible. However, the wide bandwidth does not mean high quality of sound. The consumers usually need to wear the earphones to get the clear sound effects, and it is really inconvenient for them. Therefore, VISTA has already started to support the function of microphone array, which help to record sound more clearly, and can eliminate the noise and wind shear sound in the background. Naturally, besides the support of the operating system, the computer hardware also needs to be matched. Consequently, with the collocation of the microphone array and the DSP, the consumers can easily enjoy using the web phone such as SKYPE without wearing the headsets.
隨著網路頻寬的不斷擴大,使網路上的視訊會議變的可行,
但頻寬夠並不代表聲音的品質就好,消費者常需要佩戴上耳機,才能有清晰的音效,
而這是消費者覺的很麻煩的事,故VISTA已開始支援麥克風陣列的功能,
可使收音的效果更清晰,可消除大部份的背景雜音或風切聲,
當然除了作業系統的支援,硬體上也需配合,故就需要麥克風陣列再加上DSP的搭配,
就可讓消費者再也不用戴耳機,也可以輕鬆的使用SKYPE之類的網路電話功能.

The theory of the microphone array is to set more than two pieces of microphones to record the sound separately, and than the DSP will pick the tonic we want. The simplest design is to pair a unidirectional microphone and an Omni directional one, which can limit the sound receiving range at the width of 120-140 degrees in front of the microphone, and then the SPL will be reduced over 20dB beyond this conical area. This is the reason why the ambient noises can be reduced widely and hardly to be heard.
其原理就是用二顆以上的麥克風,分別收錄聲音,再用DSP加以處理,取出想要的主音源,
最簡單的設計就是以一個單指向的麥克風,,配上另一個全指向的麥克風,
就可以將收音的角度限制在使用的正面約120-140的角度內的圓錐體內,
在此圓錐體之外的音壓會衰減達20dB以上,這就使環境噪音被衰減到幾乎聽不到的程度,
關於設計上的問題,請參考: 麥克風陣列機構設計

The key point of soldering and assembling the microphone 麥克風焊接組裝注意事項

Soldering manufactureThe diaphragm of the microphone is a very thin mylar membrane, it is easily being contracted and distorted with the high temperature. Therefore, we can only use hand-welded method to process, and the temperature of soldering iron cannot over 330°C, the welding work should be done within 2 seconds, the faster the better.The best way is arranging the skilled welders to solder one wire/ pin first, and then finish the left one after the microphone cool down, this can avoid the high temperature causing distortion of the diaphragm, the worse sound receiving results or even breaking down.Otherwise, you can entrust the manufacture to us, our factory has special manufacturing tools to help the microphone cool down. Besides, we will test the sensitivity again after soldering in order to keep the qualification and the reliable quality.
焊接加工
麥克風的振動膜是很薄的塑膠膜,易受高熱影響而收縮變形,
故只能以手焊的方式加工,且烙鐵的溫度不可過高(330度C內),焊接時間需在2秒內,焊接時間愈短愈好,
最好安排請熟綀工焊完一條線(或pin)後,間隔一段時間,待麥克風冷卻後再焊另一條線,
以免過熱使膜片變形,收音效果變差,甚至壞掉.
或可委由我們加工,工廠有專用的製具,可幫助散熱,並會在焊完後再測一次靈敏度是否合格,以確保品質穩定,
Assembling manufacturingThe microphone itself need to aim at the sound hole of the mechanism case, and being as close to the surface of the case as possible in order to gain the best receiving results.Trying to use rubber holder to separate the outside noise, especially the wires type assembling method can do good to fix the microphone on the case of the mechanism.
組裝加工
麥克風本體要對準機殼的音孔,並盡可能的貼近機殼表面,以獲得最好的收音效果,
盡量使用Rubber holder來阻隔外部雜音,尤其是焊線式的組裝方式,也更容易牢靠的裝在機殼上,
When we fabricate the microphone, no matter adding rubber holder or not,
microphone should be pushed to the bottom of the mechanism,
to avoid a chamber forming in front of the sound hole and affecting the sound which microphone receives.
組裝麥克風時,不論有無橡膠套,麥克風都應該要裝到機構的最底部,
以避免形成音腔,而影響麥克風的收音效果.

The interpretation of specification: Watt, Decibel, Hertz, and Resonance

W ( Watt ): A watt = a voltage x an ampere. For example, 330 Watt= 110V x 3 A.
V ( Volt ): V is the unit of voltage, when it needs one joule of work to sent one coulomb of electric from one point to another point, then the potential difference between these two points is one voltage. 
Ohm: Ohm is the unit of impedance in electronics, the higher the impedance is, the less electric current can pass through. 
Hz( Hertz): The frequency of the sound waves vibrate every second. For instance, 100Hz means 100 times vibration in one second. 
dB ( Decibel): dB is the unit of the sound pressure level, which is calculated with logarithm, because the susceptibility to the sound of human ears is not linear. 
Fo ( Resonance Frequency): Fo stands for the resonance point of the speaker. The lower the Fo is, the efficiency of the low frequency is better. 
S.P.L. ( Sound Pressure Level): The volume of the sound. 
Vo-p: The measurement from Vo to the peak, to drive the magnetic buzzer, the waveform is 1/2 square wave. 
Vp-p: The measurement from peak to peak, to drive the piezo buzzer. The waveform is square wave.
W (Watt) :瓦特, 一瓦特= 一伏特的電壓X一安培的電流, 330 Watt= 110V X 3 A.
V (Voltage): 伏特,表示電壓的單位,將一庫侖電荷由一點送到另一點，若須作一焦耳的功，則稱二點間之電位差為一伏特.
ohm : 歐姆,表示電子學上電阻阻抗的單位,阻抗愈高,能通過的電流愈少.
Hz (Hertz): 赫茲,波在每秒振動的次數, 100Hz = 一秒振動100次.
dB (deciBel) : 分貝, 表示音量大小的單位,是以對數算出來的,因為人耳對聲音的敏感度不是線性的.
Fo (Resonance Frequency) : 共振,用來表示喇叭的諧振點,頻率愈低,喇叭低頻的效果會愈好.
S.P.L. (Soudn Presure Level): 音壓位準,即音壓的大小值.
V0-p : 電壓從0V到峰值,用來驅動電磁式蜂鳴器, 波形為1/2方波.
Vp-p: 電壓的峰對峰值,,常用以驅動壓電式蜂鳴器,表示為方波的波形,